Which factor is crucial for improving the energy efficiency of an electric vehicle?

Improving aerodynamics through a low drag coefficient is crucial for enhancing the energy efficiency of an electric vehicle. Aerodynamics plays a significant role in reducing the resistance that a vehicle encounters while moving through the air. A low drag coefficient means that the vehicle encounters less wind resistance, allowing it to travel farther on a given amount of energy. This is particularly important for electric vehicles whose performance and range can be greatly affected by how efficiently they use energy.

When a vehicle is designed with aerodynamic principles in mind, it can minimize the fuel – or in the case of an electric vehicle, the battery – required to maintain speed and overcome air resistance. Factors like streamlined shapes, smooth surfaces, and strategic placement of components help to lower drag, thus improving range and overall efficiency.

Other options involve factors that do not contribute positively to energy efficiency. For instance, increasing vehicle size generally leads to more mass and energy consumption, reducing overall efficiency. Reducing battery life would negatively impact the usability and effectiveness of an electric vehicle, as it would require more frequent charging and reduce the overall mileage. Lastly, increasing maintenance frequency does not inherently contribute to energy efficiency; instead, it often indicates greater wear and tear, which can affect performance and efficiency negatively over time.