What is the approximate energy conversion rate for ICE vehicles?

The approximate energy conversion rate for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles falls within the range of 20-30%. This figure reflects the efficiency with which an ICE vehicle converts the energy stored in fuel into useful mechanical energy that propels the vehicle.

In practice, when fuel is burned in an ICE, only a portion of the energy released is actually used to move the vehicle; the rest is lost primarily through heat to the exhaust, engine components, and other inefficiencies. Factors contributing to this energy loss include the thermal efficiency of the engine, friction, and the energy required to drive auxiliary systems like cooling and electrical systems.

This value contrasts with electric vehicles, which can achieve energy conversion rates significantly above these figures, demonstrating the higher efficiency of electric drivetrains. Understanding this range is critical for evaluating the overall efficiency of transportation technologies and for efforts aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of cleaner and more efficient options.