What is regenerative braking in electric vehicles?

Regenerative braking is a technology that allows electric vehicles to convert kinetic energy into stored energy in the battery during the braking process. When an electric vehicle slows down, the electric motor runs in reverse, acting as a generator. Instead of wasting energy as heat—as is the case with conventional braking systems—this process recaptures energy that would otherwise be lost. The recovered energy is then used to recharge the vehicle's battery, thereby improving overall efficiency and extending driving range.

This method contributes significantly to energy conservation in electric vehicles and enhances their performance by reducing wear on the brake components, as the reliance on mechanical brakes is diminished. Therefore, option C accurately captures the essence of regenerative braking and its function within the electric vehicle system.