How does temperature affect electric vehicle battery performance?

Temperature plays a significant role in the performance of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. At both extreme high and low temperatures, battery efficiency can decline due to chemical and physical changes within the battery cells. High temperatures can lead to increased rates of chemical reactions that may accelerate degradation processes, while cold temperatures can slow down the electrochemical reactions necessary for energy output.

When a battery operates in extreme heat, it may suffer from thermal runaway, leading to potential damage, loss of capacity, and increased safety risks. Conversely, cold temperatures reduce the rate of chemical reactions, which can diminish the battery's capacity to deliver power, resulting in reduced performance during operation.

These factors contribute to a decrease in the overall lifespan of the battery. Therefore, recognizing that extreme temperatures hinder both efficiency and longevity demonstrates why this option accurately describes the relationship between temperature and battery performance.